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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Pyrocystis</i></h1>
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<table cellpadding="2" class="float-right taxobox infobox" id="Vorlage_Taxobox" style="width:300px;margin-top:0.5em;" summary="Taxobox">
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<th><i>Pyrocystis</i>
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<tr>
<td class="taxo-bild" style="font-size:smaller;">
<p><i>Pyrocystis lunula</i><sup id="cite_ref-eol_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eol-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
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<tr>
<th><a href="Systematik_(Biologie)" title="Systematik (Biologie)">Systematik</a>
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<td>
<table class="toptextcells" style="width:100%;">
<tbody><tr>
<td><i>ohne&nbsp;Rang:</i>
</td>
<td><a href="Alveolata" title="Alveolata">Alveolata</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i>ohne&nbsp;Rang:</i>
</td>
<td><a href="Dinoflagellaten" title="Dinoflagellaten">Dinoflagellaten</a> (Dinoflagellata)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i>ohne&nbsp;Rang:</i>
</td>
<td><a href="Dinophyceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinophyceae">Dinophyceae</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Ordnung_(Biologie)" title="Ordnung (Biologie)">Ordnung</a>:</i>
</td>
<td>Gonyaulacales<sup id="cite_ref-NCBI_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ITIS_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITIS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WoRMS_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WoRMS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;/<br>Pyrocystales<sup id="cite_ref-OBIS_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBIS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eol_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eol-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
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<td><i><a href="Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie)">Familie</a>:</i>
</td>
<td>Pyrocystaceae
</td></tr>


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<td><i><a href="Gattung_(Biologie)" title="Gattung (Biologie)">Gattung</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><i>Pyrocystis</i>
</td></tr>

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<th><a href="Nomenklatur_(Biologie)" title="Nomenklatur (Biologie)">Wissenschaftlicher Name</a>
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<td class="taxo-name"><i>Pyrocystis</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="Person">(Schütt) <a href="Ernst_Lemmermann" title="Ernst Lemmermann">Lemmermann</a>, 1899<sup id="cite_ref-ITIS_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITIS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br>⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯<br>J.&nbsp;Murray ex <a href="Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Haeckel</a>, 1890<sup id="cite_ref-OBIS_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBIS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WoRMS_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WoRMS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br>⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯<br><a href="Charles_Wyville_Thomson" title="Charles Wyville Thomson">Wyville-Thompson</a>, 1876<sup id="cite_ref-AlgaeBase_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlgaeBase-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>

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</style><div class="thumb tright vl-mehrere-bilder" style="width:160px;"><div class="thumbinner"><div><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left">Dunkelfeld-Aufnahme von <i>P. fusiformis</i> mit zentral gelegenen <a href="Zellkern" title="Zellkern">Zell­kern</a> und ihn (nachts) um­ge­benden <a href="Chloroplast" title="Chloroplast">Chloro­plasten</a>, die tags­über näher an die Zellwand rücken.</div></div><div><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left">Geschüttelt oder auf­ge­wühlt erzeugen die Zellen von <i>P. fusiformis</i> ein blaues Licht (die grünen und roten Farben stammen von tech­nischen Installationen).</div></div>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
</div></div>
<p><i><b>Pyrocystis</b></i> ist eine <a href="Gattung_(Biologie)" title="Gattung (Biologie)">Gattung</a> biolumineszierender <a href="Plankton" title="Plankton">planktonischer</a> <a href="Dinoflagellaten" title="Dinoflagellaten">Dinoflagellaten</a> aus der <a href="Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie)">Familie</a> Pyrocystaceae.<sup id="cite_ref-eol_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eol-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Sie kommt in Wassertiefen von etwa 100&nbsp;<a href="Meter" title="Meter">m</a> vor.<sup id="cite_ref-eol_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eol-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Über die genaue Klassifizierung innerhalb der <a href="Dinophyceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinophyceae">Dinophyceae</a> und die Erstautorenschaft gibt es derzeit keine Einigkeit.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artenliste">Artenliste</h2></div>
<p>Die Zugehörigkeit einzelner Arten zur Gattung wird derzeit immer noch diskutiert. Mit Stand 28. Februar 2025 ist die Situation wie folgt:
Gattung <i><b>Pyrocystis</b></i><sup>(N)</sup> <small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261921330">
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</style><span class="Person h-card">(<a href="Franz_Sch%C3%BCtt" title="Franz Schütt">Schütt</a>) <a href="Ernst_Lemmermann" title="Ernst Lemmermann">Lemmermann</a></span>, 1899</small><sup>(<span style="font-family:serif;">I</span>)</sup> bzw. <small><span class="Person h-card">J.&nbsp;Murray</span> ex <span class="Person h-card"><a href="Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Haeckel</a></span>, 1890</small><sup>(O,W,T)</sup> bzw. <small><span class="Person h-card"><a href="Charles_Wyville_Thomson" title="Charles Wyville Thomson">Wyville-Thompson</a></span>, 1876</small><sup>(A)</sup> bzw. <small><span class="Person h-card">Haeckel</span> 1890</small><sup>(<span style="font-size:larger">e</span>)</sup>
</p>
<ul><li><i>Pyrocystis acuta</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Kofoid</span>, 1907</small><sup>(O,W,A,T,<span style="font-size:larger">e</span>)</sup></li>
<li><i>Pyrocystis apiculata</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">F.&nbsp;J.&nbsp;R.&nbsp;Taylor</span>, 1976</small><sup>(W,<span style="font-size:larger">e</span>)</sup> [<i>Pyrocystis apiculatus</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">F.&nbsp;J.&nbsp;R.&nbsp;Taylor</span></small><sup>(A?)</sup>]</li>
<li><i>Pyrocystis elegans</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Pavillard</span>, 1931</small><sup>(O,W,T,<span style="font-size:larger">e</span>)</sup><sup id="cite_ref-geo_Pelegans_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geo_Pelegans-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><i>Pyrocystis ellipsoides</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">(<a href="Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Haeckel</a>) <a href="Ernst_Lemmermann" title="Ernst Lemmermann">Lemmermann</a></span>, 1899</small><sup>(W,A,<span style="font-size:larger">e</span>)</sup></li>
<li><i><a href="Pyrocystis_fusiformis" title="Pyrocystis fusiformis">Pyrocystis fusiformis</a></i><sup>(<span style="font-size:larger">e</span>)</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Larsen2024_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsen2024-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oceangreen_Pfusiformis_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oceangreen_Pfusiformis-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small><span class="Person h-card"><a href="Charles_Wyville_Thomson" title="Charles Wyville Thomson">C.&nbsp;W.&nbsp;Thomson</a></span>, 1876</small><sup>(N,O,W,A)</sup> bzw. <small><span class="Person h-card">(W.&nbsp;Thomson, 1876) Murray</span>, 1885</small><sup>(<span style="font-family:serif;">I</span>)</sup><sup id="cite_ref-mwl_Pfusiformis_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mwl_Pfusiformis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bzw. <small><span class="Person h-card">(<a href="Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Haeckel</a>) Blackman</span>, 1902</small><sup>(T)</sup> [<i>Dissodinium fusiforme</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">(<a href="Charles_Wyville_Thomson" title="Charles Wyville Thomson">Wyville-Thomson</a> ex Murray) Matzenauer</span></small>; <i>Dissodinium fusiformis</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">(J.&nbsp;Murray) Matzenauer</span>, 1933</small>; <i>Murracystis fusiformis</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">(C.&nbsp;W.&nbsp;Thomson) Haeckel</span>, 1890</small><sup id="cite_ref-mwl_Pfusiformis_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mwl_Pfusiformis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>]</li>
<li><i>Pyrocystis gerbaultii</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Pavillard</span>, 1935</small><sup>(O,W,A,<span style="font-size:larger">e</span>)</sup></li>
<li><i>Pyrocystis hamulus</i><sup>(<span style="font-family:serif;">I</span>)</sup> <small><span class="Person h-card">Cleve</span>, 1900</small><sup>(O,W,A,T,e)</sup></li>
<li><i>Pyrocystis jusiformis</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">(<a href="Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Haeckel</a>) Blackman</span></small><sup>(<span style="font-size:larger">e</span>)</sup></li>
<li><i>Pyrocystis lanceolata</i><sup>(<span style="font-family:serif;">I</span>)</sup> <small><span class="Person h-card">Schröder</span>, 1900</small><sup>(O,W,A,e)</sup></li>
<li><i>Pyrocystis lunata</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">(<a href="Franz_Sch%C3%BCtt" title="Franz Schütt">Schütt</a>) Schütt</span></small><sup>(W?,<span style="font-size:larger">e</span>)</sup> – möglicherweise verschrieben für <i>P. lunula</i>.</li>
<li><i>Pyrocystis lunella</i><sup id="cite_ref-Larsen2024_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsen2024-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – möglicherweise verschrieben für <i>P. lunula</i>.</li>
<li><i><a href="#Pyrocystis_lunula">Pyrocystis lunula</a></i><sup>(N,<span style="font-family:serif;">I</span>,<span style="font-size:larger">e</span>)</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jalaal2020_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jalaal2020-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small><span class="Person h-card">(<a href="Franz_Sch%C3%BCtt" title="Franz Schütt">Schütt</a>) Schütt</span>, 1896</small><sup>(O,W,A)</sup> bzw. <small><span class="Person h-card">Schütt</span>, 1895</small><sup>(T)</sup> [<i>Gymnodinium lunula</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Schütt</span>, 1895</small><sup>(N)</sup>]</li>
<li><i>Pyrocystis margalefii</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Léger</span>, 1973</small><sup>(W)</sup> ⟹ <i>Dissodinium pseudolunula</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Swift</span> ex <span class="Person h-card">Elbrächter &amp; Drebes</span></small><sup>(A)</sup></li>
<li><i>Pyrocystis minima</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">(Matzenauer) Schiller</span>, 1937</small><sup>(W,A,<span style="font-size:larger">e</span>)</sup></li>
<li><i>Pyrocystis murrayana</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">(<a href="Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">E.&nbsp;H.&nbsp;P.&nbsp;A.&nbsp;Haeckel</a>) <a href="Ernst_Lemmermann" title="Ernst Lemmermann">Lemmermann</a></span></small><sup>(A?)</sup></li>
<li><i><a href="#Pyrocystis_noctiluca">Pyrocystis noctiluca</a></i><sup>(N,<span style="font-size:larger">e</span>)</sup> <small><span class="Person h-card"><a href="Friedrich_von_Stein_(Zoologe)" title="Friedrich von Stein (Zoologe)">Stein</a></span>, 1883</small><sup>(<span style="font-family:serif;">I</span>)</sup></li>
<li><i>Pyrocystis noctiluca</i><sup>(N,<span style="font-size:larger">e</span>)</sup> <small><span class="Person h-card">Murray</span> ex <span class="Person h-card"><a href="Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Haeckel</a></span>, 1890</small><sup>(O)</sup> bzw. <small><span class="Person h-card">Haeckel</span>, 1890</small><sup>(T)</sup> ⟹ Pyrocystis pseudonoctiluca<sup>(O,W)</sup> (Doppelvergabe)</li>
<li><i>Pyrocystis obtusa</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Pavillard</span>, 1931</small><sup>(O,W,A,<span style="font-size:larger">e</span>)</sup></li>
<li><i>Pyrocystis pseudonoctiluca</i><sup>(<span style="font-family:serif;">I</span>)</sup> <small><span class="Person h-card"><a href="Charles_Wyville_Thomson" title="Charles Wyville Thomson">Wyville-Thompson</a></span>, 1876</small><sup>(O,W,A,<span style="font-size:larger">e</span>)</sup> [<i>Pyrocystis noctiluca</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Murray</span> ex <span class="Person h-card"><a href="Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Haeckel</a></span>, 1890</small><sup>(O)</sup>; <i>Dissodinium pseudonoctiluca</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Swift</span> ex <span class="Person h-card">Elbrachter &amp; Drebes</span></small><sup>(W)</sup>]</li>
<li><i>Pyrocystis rhomboides</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">(Matzenauer) Schiller</span>, 1937</small><sup>(W,A,<span style="font-size:larger">e</span>)</sup></li>
<li><i>Pyrocystis robusta</i><sup>(<span style="font-family:serif;">I</span>)</sup> <small><span class="Person h-card">Kofoid</span>, 1907</small><sup>(O,W,A,T,<span style="font-size:larger">e</span>)</sup></li>
<li><i>Pyrocystis semicircularis</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">(Schröder)</span></small> ⟹ <i>Pyrocystis hamulus</i> var. <i>semicircularis</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Schröder</span> 1906</small><sup>(A?)</sup></li>
<li><i>Pyrocystis</i> sp. CCAP 1131/1<sup>(N)</sup></li>
<li><i>Pyrocystis</i> sp. CCAP 1131/2<sup>(N)</sup></li>
<li><i>Pyrocystis</i> sp. NY007<sup>(N)</sup></li></ul>
<hr>
<p>Es bedeuten:
</p>
<dl><dd>(N) – Taxonomie des <a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">National Center for Biotechnology Information</a> (NCBI)<sup id="cite_ref-NCBI_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd>
<dd>(<span style="font-family:serif;">I</span>) – <a href="Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a> (ITIS)<sup id="cite_ref-ITIS_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITIS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd>
<dd>(O) – <a href="Ocean_Biogeographic_Information_System" title="Ocean Biogeographic Information System">Ocean Biogeographic Information System</a> (OBIS)<sup id="cite_ref-OBIS_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBIS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd>
<dd>(W) – <a href="World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">World Register of Marine Species</a> (WoRMS)<sup id="cite_ref-WoRMS_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WoRMS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd>
<dd>(A) – <a href="AlgaeBase" title="AlgaeBase">AlgaeBase</a><sup id="cite_ref-AlgaeBase_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlgaeBase-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd>
<dd>(T) – The Taxonomicon<sup id="cite_ref-Taxon_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taxon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd>
<dd>(<span style="font-size:larger">e</span>) – <a href="Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">Encyclopedia of Life</a> (<span style="font-size:larger">eo</span>L)<sup id="cite_ref-eol_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eol-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd>
<dd>? – unsicher</dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pyrocystis_fusiformis"><i>Pyrocystis fusiformis</i></h2></div>
<div class="hauptartikel" role="navigation"><span class="hauptartikel-pfeil" title="siehe" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">→&nbsp;</span><i><span class="hauptartikel-text">Hauptartikel</span>: <a href="Pyrocystis_fusiformis" title="Pyrocystis fusiformis">Pyrocystis fusiformis</a></i></div>
<p><i>Pyrocystis fusiformis</i> (<a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englischer</a> Trivialname: <span lang="en">firefly of the sea</span> <span lang="de" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal">‚"<a href="Gl%C3%BChw%C3%BCrmchen" class="mw-redirect" title="Glühwürmchen">Glühwürmchen</a> des Meeres‘</span><sup id="cite_ref-mwl_Pfusiformis_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mwl_Pfusiformis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) ist eine <a href="Mikroalgen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikroalgen">Alge</a> des <a href="Meer" title="Meer">marinen</a> <a href="Phytoplankton" title="Phytoplankton">Phytoplanktons</a>, die in der letzten Zeit vom Team OCEAN GREEN untersucht wurde.
Als Bestandteil des Phytoplanktons ist <i>P. fusiformis</i> wie Pflanzen <a href="Autotroph" class="mw-redirect" title="Autotroph">autotroph</a> und bezieht seine Energie tagsüber durch <a href="Photosynthese" title="Photosynthese">Photosynthese</a> und lebt daher nachts von den Reserven.<sup id="cite_ref-oceangreen_Pfusiformis_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oceangreen_Pfusiformis-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p><i>P. fusiformis</i> kann in küstennahen Meeresgewässern ein blaues Glitzern in der Nacht verursachen.<sup id="cite_ref-oceangreen_Pfusiformis_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oceangreen_Pfusiformis-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Das Art-<a href="Epitheton" title="Epitheton">Epitheton</a> <i>fusiformis</i> leitet sich von der spitz zulaufenden bzw. spindelförmigen Form ab.
Als Größe wird von einigen Quellen 1&nbsp;<a href="Meter#Mikrometer" title="Meter">μm</a> angegeben, was 0,001&nbsp;<a href="Millimeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Millimeter">mm</a> entspricht.<sup id="cite_ref-mwl_Pfusiformis_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mwl_Pfusiformis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pyrocystis_noctiluca"><i>Pyrocystis noctiluca</i></h2></div>
<div class="thumb tright vl-mehrere-bilder" style="width:160px;"><div class="thumbinner"><div><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left">Samenzyste von <i>P.&nbsp;noc­ti­luca</i>, Watten­meer­station Sylt, Nord­see vom März 1990</div></div><div><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left">Illustration <i>P. nocti­luca</i> (1904–1926)</div></div>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
</div></div>
<p>(Auch) <i>Pyrocystis noctiluca</i> nutzt das Aufblähen der Zellen für die vertikale Migration im Ozean, wie von Larsen <i>et&nbsp;al.</i> 2024 berichten. Die durch <a href="Kalzium" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalzium">Kalzium</a> ausgelöste Aufblähung verändert schnell die Zelldichte im Verhältnis zum Meerwasser. Ein „<a href="Retikulieren" title="Retikulieren">retikuliertes</a>“ zytoplasmatisches Netzwerk ermöglicht eine 6-fache Volumenvergrößerung ohne Verdünnung in weniger als 10 Minuten. Mit Hilfe eines mathematischen Modells wurde simuliert, wie dieses Aufblähen den Zellen hilft, bei Tagesanbruch der „Schwerkraftfalle“ mittels Auftrieb zu entkommen.<sup id="cite_ref-Larsen2024_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsen2024-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Vertikalen Wanderungen pelagischer Organismen spielen offenbar allgemein eine entscheidende Rolle in marinen <a href="%C3%96kosystem" title="Ökosystem">Ökosystemen</a> und damit bei den globalen biogeochemischen Kreisläufen. Viele marine Planktonarten (darunter auch <a href="Phytoplankton" title="Phytoplankton">Phytoplankton</a>, d.&nbsp;h. einzelliges pflanzliches Plankton) lassen sich nicht einfach treiben, sie navigieren aktiv und durchaus gezielt durch die Wasserschichten des Ozeans nach oben. Möglicherweise stellen sie sogar die größte tägliche Biomassenbewegung auf der Erde dar, bei der einige <a href="Einzeller" title="Einzeller">einzellige</a> <a href="Protisten" title="Protisten">Protisten</a> dieser vielfältigen Organismengruppe täglich Tiefen von mehr als 50&nbsp;m durchqueren, ohne dafür <a href="Flagellum" title="Flagellum">Geißeln</a> oder <a href="Cilie" class="mw-redirect" title="Cilie">Flimmerhärchen</a> zu benutzen. <i>Pyrocystis noctiluca</i> gilt als <a href="Modellorganismus" title="Modellorganismus">Modellsystem</a> für derartige Vorgänge.<sup id="cite_ref-Larsen2024_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsen2024-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pyrocystis_lunula"><i>Pyrocystis lunula</i></h2></div>
<div class="thumb tright vl-mehrere-bilder" style="width:160px;"><div class="thumbinner"><div><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left"><small><a href="Phasenkontrast" class="mw-redirect" title="Phasenkontrast">Phasenkontrastbild</a> von <i>P.&nbsp;lu­nula</i>, konserviert mit <a href="Lugolsche_L%C3%B6sung" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugolsche Lösung">Lugol</a>. Ostatlantik, <a href="Ria_de_Aveiro" title="Ria de Aveiro">Aveiro</a> (Portugal)</small></div></div><div><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left"><small>Lebende Probe von <i>P.&nbsp;lu­nula</i><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div></div>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
</div></div>
<p>Die Spezies <i>Pyrocystis lunula</i> ist im Atlantik in Wassertiefen im 100&nbsp;<a href="Meter" title="Meter">m</a> heimisch, etwa um <a href="Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a> und im südlichen <a href="Golf_von_Mexiko" title="Golf von Mexiko">Golf von Mexiko</a>. Ihr Verbreitungsgebiet könnte von <a href="Brasilien" title="Brasilien">Brasilien</a> (<a href="Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>) bis zu den <a href="USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">USA</a> reichen. Sie kommt aber auch im Zentralpazifik vor <a href="Mexiko" title="Mexiko">Mexiko</a> vor. Die Art ist ebenfalls einzellig und planktonisch.<sup id="cite_ref-eol_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eol-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li>„Anne“: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mikroskopie-forum.de/index.php?topic=50405.0">Pyrocystis, ein Leuchtfeuer nicht nur in der Nacht</a>. Mikro-Forim-Blog begonnen am 11. Dezember 2024.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-eol-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-eol_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-eol_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-eol_1-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-eol_1-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-eol_1-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-eol_1-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-eol_1-6">g</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life"><span style="font-size:larger">eo</span>L</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/90347">Pyrocystis Haeckel 1890</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NCBI-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NCBI_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NCBI_2-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a> Taxonomy Browser: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&amp;id=2971&amp;lvl=3&amp;keep=1&amp;srchmode=1&amp;unlock">Pyrocystis</a>, Details: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&amp;id=2971"><i>Pyrocystis</i></a> (genus).
<dl><dd><small>Anm.: Die bei <i>Pyrocystis noctiluca</i> unter "External Information Re​source" für zur <a href="Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">Encyclopedia of Life</a> angegebene Autorenschaft „Murray ex Schütt“ ist nicht korrekt, sie entspricht nicht dem aktuellen Stand dort.<sup id="cite_ref-eol_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eol-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></dd></dl>
</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-ITIS-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ITIS_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ITIS_3-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ITIS_3-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&amp;search_value=10551#null"><i>Pyrocystis</i> (Schütt) Lemmermann, 1899</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-WoRMS-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-WoRMS_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-WoRMS_4-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-WoRMS_4-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="WoRMS" class="mw-redirect" title="WoRMS">WoRMS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=109571"><i>Pyrocystis</i> J.Murray ex Haeckel, 1890</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-OBIS-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-OBIS_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-OBIS_5-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-OBIS_5-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="Ocean_Biogeographic_Information_System" title="Ocean Biogeographic Information System">OBIS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obis.org/taxon/109571">Pyrocystis J.Murray ex Haeckel, 1890</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-AlgaeBase-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-AlgaeBase_6-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-AlgaeBase_6-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="AlgaeBase" title="AlgaeBase">AlgaeBase</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=109571">Genus Pyrocystis Wyville-Thompson</a>, Details: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.algaebase.org/search/genus/detail/?genus_id=44589"><i>Pyrocystis</i> Wyville-Thompson, 1876</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-geo_Pelegans-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-geo_Pelegans_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
N. Sardet: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geo.de/natur/tierwelt/pyrocystis_30062544-30164664.html">Fotogalerie: Fotogalerie: Lebendiges Treibgut</a>. Pyrocystis: <i>Pyrocystis elegans</i>. Auf: <a href="Geo.de" class="mw-redirect" title="Geo.de">geo.de</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Larsen2024-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Larsen2024_8-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Larsen2024_8-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Larsen2024_8-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Larsen2024_8-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
Adam G. Larson1, Rahul Chajwa, Hongquan Li, Manu Prakash: <i>Inflation-induced motility for long-distance vertical migration.</i> In: <i>Current Biology</i>, Band 34, Nr.&nbsp;22, S.&nbsp;5149-5163.e3, Oktober 2024; <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.046">10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.046</a></span>, <a href="ResearchGate" class="mw-redirect" title="ResearchGate">ResearchGate</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/385016884">385016884</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39423814?dopt=Abstract">PMID 39423814</a>, Epub 18. November 2024 (<a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a>). Dazu:
<ul><li>PrePrint, <a href="Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory" title="Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory">Cold Spring Harbor</a> <a href="BioRxiv" title="BioRxiv">bioRχiv</a> vom 14. November 2023; <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.08.19.504465">10.1101/2022.08.19.504465</a></span>.</li>
<li><a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a> Nucleotide: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/?term=Pyrocystis+noctiluca+CCMP732">Pyrocystis noctiluca CCMP732</a>.</li>
<li>Christine Linduska: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.orf.at/stories/3227197/">Aufgebläht: Plankton katapultiert sich durchs Meer</a>. Auf: <a href="Orf.at" class="mw-redirect" title="Orf.at">orf.at</a> vom 18. Oktober 2024.</li></ul>
</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-oceangreen_Pfusiformis-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-oceangreen_Pfusiformis_9-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-oceangreen_Pfusiformis_9-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-oceangreen_Pfusiformis_9-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oceangreen.eu/pyrocystis-fusiformis-qui-est-ce/">PYROCYSTIS FUSIFORMIS, QUI EST-CE&nbsp;?</a>. Auf:Ocean Green (<a href="Franz%C3%B6sische_Sprache" title="Französische Sprache">französisch</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-mwl_Pfusiformis-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mwl_Pfusiformis_10-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mwl_Pfusiformis_10-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mwl_Pfusiformis_10-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mwl_Pfusiformis_10-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
Linden Gledhill <i>et&nbsp;al.</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meerwasser-lexikon.de/tiere/16513_Pyrocystis_fusiformis.htm">Pyrocystis fusiformis Leuchtende Alge, Dinoflagellat</a>. Auf: Meerwasser-Lexikon vom 25. Mai 2024, Stand: 1. Juni 2024.
<ul><li>Linden Gledhill <i>et&nbsp;al.</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reeflex.net/tiere/16513_Pyrocystis_fusiformis.htm#">Pyrocystis fusiformis Ocean Night Light, Firefly of the Sea, Sea-fireflie, Dinoflagellate</a>. Auf: reefkex.net (<a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a>, Original).</li></ul>
</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Jalaal2020-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Jalaal2020_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Maziyar Jalaal, Nico Schramma, Antoine Dode, Hélène de Maleprade, Christophe Raufaste, Raymond E. Goldstein: <i>Stress-Induced Dinoflagellate Bioluminescence at the Single Cell Level.</i> In: <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, Band 125, Nr.&nbsp;028102, 6. Juli 2020; <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.028102">10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.028102</a></span> (<a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Taxon-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Taxon_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
S.&nbsp;J. Brads (Hrsg.): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/TaxonTree.aspx?id=122705&amp;src=0">Genus Pyrocystis <small>J. Murray ex Haeckel (1890) (protist)</small></a>. The Taxonomicon, Zwaag, Niederlande. Universal Taxonomic Services (taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl). Stand 1. Februar 2024.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bilder der Station <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20240301124557/https://www.somlit.fr/">SOMLIT</a> (Memento von 1. März 2024).</span>
</li>
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